最近看了雷霄骅前辈的博客《最简单的基于FFMPEG+SDL的视频播放器 ver2 (采用SDL2.0)》,参照他的代码,在windows端实现了一个简单的视频播放器,代码的有部分改动,但是整体的思路和实现的功能是一样的。下面将对实现的源码进行分析,并对其中的一些细节进行记录。
【资料图】
引入头文件。
#include #include extern "C"{#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"#include "libavformat/avformat.h"#include "libswscale/swscale.h"#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"#include "SDL2/SDL.h"}.......
由于ffmpeg和SDL的源码都是C,所以在引入头文件时,可以用extern "C"
用于声明 C 函数,以便使其在 C++ 代码中按照 C 语言的函数命名和调用规则处理。
这部分不是重点,可跳过直接看媒体文件处理的部分
添加了启动参数解析的代码,以便自定义播放的视频。由于是在windows端实现和编译的,所以使用了int WINAPI WinMain
作为程序的入口。
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){ ...... return 0;}
因此,想要获取启动参数,需要对数据进行处理。
....... // 获取命令行参数字符串 LPWSTR lpWideCmdLine = GetCommandLineW(); int argc; char *filepath; // 将命令行字符串分割为一个字符串数组,其中每个元素表示一个命令行参数 LPWSTR *argv = CommandLineToArgvW(lpWideCmdLine, &argc); int bufferSize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[1], -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL); char *buffer = new char[bufferSize]; // 判断是否指定了播放文件 if (argc > 1) { // 将参数从宽字符转换为多字节字符 WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[1], -1, buffer, bufferSize, NULL, NULL); filepath = buffer; std::cout << "argv[1]: " << buffer << std::endl; } else { cout << "Please add the path to the video file that requires the part.\n" << endl; return -1; } ......
媒体文件处理读取媒体文件读取媒体文件并获取媒体流的相关信息。代码如下:
....... // av_register_all(); // avformat_network_init(); // 创建一个 AVFormatContext 结构体并进行初始化 pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context(); // 打开媒体文件并初始化 AVFormatContext 结构体 if (avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, filepath, NULL, NULL) != 0) { cout << "Could not open input stream: " << filepath << "\n" << endl; return -1; } // 读取媒体文件并获取媒体流的相关信息 if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL) < 0) { cout << "Could not find stream information.\n" << endl; return -1; } .......
旧版本的ffmpeg程序, 程序开头处, 一般总是av_register_all
,4.x之后,该函数已经废弃,不需要调用了。更多细节可以参考《ffmpeg4.x为什么不再需要调用av_register_all呢》。
在一个完整的媒体文件中,一般会包含视频流和音频流。AVFormatContext
结构体里会存储关于流的各种信息,本例子是对视频流进行处理,所以可以从AVFormatContext
结构体中,获得视频流的下标信息。代码如下:
...... videoindex = -1; // nb_streams 是一个整数类型的字段,表示 AVFormatContext 中包含的流的数量。 for (i = 0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++) { // 根据codec_type信息,判断数据流的类型 if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) { // 如果 codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,则数据流类型为视频流,记录视频流下标 videoindex = i; break; } } // 如果 videoindex == -1,则说明媒体文件中未找到视频流数据,检查媒体文件 if (videoindex == -1) { cout << "Did not find a video stream.\n" << endl; return -1; } ......
codec_type
代表编码器的类型,常见的类型有
根据视频流信息,查找并打开解码器。代码如下:
...... // 访问视频流的编码参数 pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoindex]->codec; // 根据编码器 ID(codec_id)查找解码器 pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id); if (pCodec == NULL) { cout << "Could not found.\n" << endl; return -1; } // 打开编解码器 if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, NULL) < 0) { cout << "Could not open codec.\n" << endl; return -1; } ......
图像格式转换...... // 分配 AVFrame 结构体的内存空间 pFrame = av_frame_alloc(); pFrameYUV = av_frame_alloc(); // 分配用于存储图像数据的缓冲区 out_buffer = (unsigned char *)av_malloc(av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1)); // 填充pFrameYUV->data,以便后续进行图像处理 av_image_fill_arrays(pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize, out_buffer, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1); cout << "------------------File Information-----------------\n" << endl; // 输出数据流信息 av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, filepath, 0); cout << "--------------------------------------------------\n" << endl; // 创建图像转换上下文,将原始的像素格式转化为 YUV420P img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL); ......
av_image_get_buffer_size
函数,用于计算给定图像参数下所需的缓冲区大小。根据像素格式和图像的宽度和高度,计算出所需的缓冲区大小。此处所用的图像像素格式为YUV420P
。YUV420P 是最常用的像素格式之一,特别在视频编解码领域广泛应用。av_image_fill_arrays
用于向pFrameYUV->data
中填充数据。不过此时原始的图像数据还并未填充进去,只是先分配内存,为后面存储经过格式转换的图像做准备。
创建和配置SDL窗口,renderer,texture和rect。代码如下:
...... // 初始化 SDL 库 if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER)) { cout << "Could not initialize SDL - " << SDL_GetError() << "\n" << endl; return -1; } // 初始化窗口大小为视频大小 screen_w = pCodecCtx->width; screen_h = pCodecCtx->height; // 创建SDL窗口 screen = SDL_CreateWindow("video Player", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, screen_w, screen_h, SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE); if (!screen) { cout << "SDL: could not creeate window - exiting:\n" << SDL_GetError() << "\n" << endl; return -1; } // 创建renderer sdlRenderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(screen, -1, 0); // 创建texture sdlTexture = SDL_CreateTexture(sdlRenderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_IYUV, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height); // 初始化rect sdlRect.x = 0; sdlRect.y = 0; sdlRect.w = screen_w; sdlRect.h = screen_h; // 分配一个 AVPacket 结构体的内存空间给packet packet = (AVPacket *)av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacket)); ......
创建一个新的线程,用于检测和处理SDL窗口的活动,代码如下:
int sfp_refresh_thread(void *opaque){ // 初始化线程状态 thread_exit = 0; thread_pause = 0; while (!thread_exit) { if (!thread_pause) { SDL_Event event; // 设置event状态为SFM_REFRESH_EVENT event.type = SFM_REFRESH_EVENT; // 向事件队列中添加事件 SDL_PushEvent(&event); } SDL_Delay(40); } thread_exit = 0; thread_pause = 0; SDL_Event event; // 设置event状态为SFM_BREAK_EVENT event.type = SFM_BREAK_EVENT; SDL_PushEvent(&event); return 0;} int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){ ...... // 创建线程,调用sfp_refresh_thread自定义函数 video_tid = SDL_CreateThread(sfp_refresh_thread, NULL, NULL); ...... return 0;}
视频播放获取视频流数据,经过处理和图像转换,将图像填充到SDL窗口,实现视频的播放。代码如下:
...... for (;;) { // 获取窗口活动状态 SDL_WaitEvent(&event); // 播放视频 if (event.type == SFM_REFRESH_EVENT) { while (1) { // 如果没有读取到packet,设置thread_exit为1,结束播放 if (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet) < 0) thread_exit = 1; // 判断packet是否为视频流 if (packet->stream_index == videoindex) break; } // 解码视频帧 ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, packet); if (ret < 0) { cout << "Decode Error.\n" << endl; return -1; } if (got_picture) { // 将pFrame中的原始图像数据,根据img_convert_ctx转化后,存储到pFrameYUV中,用于在SDL中显示 sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const unsigned char *const *)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize); // 更新texture,更新数据为pFrameYUV->data[0] SDL_UpdateTexture(sdlTexture, NULL, pFrameYUV->data[0], pFrameYUV->linesize[0]); // 清空渲染目标 SDL_RenderClear(sdlRenderer); // 将纹理渲染到sdlRect SDL_RenderCopy(sdlRenderer, sdlTexture, NULL, &sdlRect); // 更新窗口显示 SDL_RenderPresent(sdlRenderer); } // 释放 AVPacket 结构体内存 av_packet_unref(packet); } // 暂停 else if (event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN) { // 如果点击空格键,暂停 if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SPACE) thread_pause = !thread_pause; } // 窗口退出 else if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) { thread_exit = 1; } // 播放结束 else if (event.type == SFM_BREAK_EVENT) { break; } } ......
内存释放在所有的操作完成后,最后是内存的释放。代码如下:
{ ...... sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx); SDL_Quit(); av_frame_free(&pFrameYUV); av_frame_free(&pFrame); avcodec_close(pCodecCtx); avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx); LocalFree(argv); delete[] buffer; return 0;}
完整代码simple_video_player.cpp
#include #include extern "C"{#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"#include "libavformat/avformat.h"#include "libswscale/swscale.h"#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"#include "SDL2/SDL.h"}using namespace std;#define SFM_REFRESH_EVENT (SDL_USEREVENT + 1)#define SFM_BREAK_EVENT (SDL_USEREVENT + 2)int thread_exit = 0;int thread_pause = 0;int sfp_refresh_thread(void *opaque){ thread_exit = 0; thread_pause = 0; while (!thread_exit) { if (!thread_pause) { SDL_Event event; event.type = SFM_REFRESH_EVENT; SDL_PushEvent(&event); } SDL_Delay(40); } thread_exit = 0; thread_pause = 0; SDL_Event event; event.type = SFM_BREAK_EVENT; SDL_PushEvent(&event); return 0;}int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){ AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx; int i, videoindex; AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx; AVCodec *pCodec; AVFrame *pFrame, *pFrameYUV; unsigned char *out_buffer; AVPacket *packet; int ret, got_picture; int screen_w, screen_h; SDL_Window *screen; SDL_Renderer *sdlRenderer; SDL_Texture *sdlTexture; SDL_Rect sdlRect; SDL_Thread *video_tid; SDL_Event event; struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx; LPWSTR lpWideCmdLine = GetCommandLineW(); int argc; char *filepath; LPWSTR *argv = CommandLineToArgvW(lpWideCmdLine, &argc); int bufferSize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[1], -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL); char *buffer = new char[bufferSize]; if (argc > 1) { WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[1], -1, buffer, bufferSize, NULL, NULL); filepath = buffer; std::cout << "argv[1]: " << buffer << std::endl; } else { cout << "Please add the path to the video file that requires the part.\n" << endl; return -1; } // av_register_all(); // avformat_network_init(); pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context(); if (avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, filepath, NULL, NULL) != 0) { cout << "Could not open input stream: " << filepath << "\n" << endl; return -1; } if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL) < 0) { cout << "Could not find stream information.\n" << endl; return -1; } videoindex = -1; for (i = 0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++) { if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) { videoindex = i; break; } } if (videoindex == -1) { cout << "Did not find a video stream.\n" << endl; return -1; } pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoindex]->codec; pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id); if (pCodec == NULL) { cout << "Could not found.\n" << endl; return -1; } if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, NULL) < 0) { cout << "Could not open codec.\n" << endl; return -1; } pFrame = av_frame_alloc(); pFrameYUV = av_frame_alloc(); out_buffer = (unsigned char *)av_malloc(av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1)); av_image_fill_arrays(pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize, out_buffer, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1); cout << "------------------File Information-----------------\n" << endl; av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, filepath, 0); cout << "--------------------------------------------------\n" << endl; img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL); if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER)) { cout << "Could not initialize SDL - " << SDL_GetError() << "\n" << endl; return -1; } screen_w = pCodecCtx->width; screen_h = pCodecCtx->height; screen = SDL_CreateWindow("video Player", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, screen_w, screen_h, SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE); if (!screen) { cout << "SDL: could not creeate window - exiting:\n" << SDL_GetError() << "\n" << endl; return -1; } sdlRenderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(screen, -1, 0); sdlTexture = SDL_CreateTexture(sdlRenderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_IYUV, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height); sdlRect.x = 0; sdlRect.y = 0; sdlRect.w = screen_w; sdlRect.h = screen_h; packet = (AVPacket *)av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacket)); video_tid = SDL_CreateThread(sfp_refresh_thread, NULL, NULL); for (;;) { SDL_WaitEvent(&event); if (event.type == SFM_REFRESH_EVENT) { while (1) { if (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet) < 0) thread_exit = 1; if (packet->stream_index == videoindex) break; } ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, packet); if (ret < 0) { cout << "Decode Error.\n" << endl; return -1; } if (got_picture) { sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const unsigned char *const *)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize); SDL_UpdateTexture(sdlTexture, NULL, pFrameYUV->data[0], pFrameYUV->linesize[0]); SDL_RenderClear(sdlRenderer); SDL_RenderCopy(sdlRenderer, sdlTexture, NULL, &sdlRect); SDL_RenderPresent(sdlRenderer); } av_packet_unref(packet); } else if (event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN) { if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SPACE) thread_pause = !thread_pause; } else if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) { thread_exit = 1; } else if (event.type == SFM_BREAK_EVENT) { break; } } sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx); SDL_Quit(); av_frame_free(&pFrameYUV); av_frame_free(&pFrame); avcodec_close(pCodecCtx); avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx); LocalFree(argv); delete[] buffer; return 0;}
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